The Science of Medicinal Cannabis: How It Works in the Body and Brain

In recent years the scientific community has begun to understand how cannabis works in the body and brain. The cannabis plant contains a number of compounds, including cannabinoids and terpenes, that have been found to have potential therapeutic benefits. In this paper, we will explore the science of medicinal cannabis, including how it interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system, the potential benefits and risks, and the challenges of conducting research in this field.

The science of medicinal cannabis

The Endocannabinoid System

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex network of receptors, enzymes, and endocannabinoids that are involved in regulating a wide range of physiological processes, including appetite, pain sensation, mood, and immune function. The two main types of cannabinoid receptors are CB1 and CB2, which are found throughout the body and brain. Endocannabinoids are naturally occurring compounds that bind to these receptors, and they play a key role in maintaining homeostasis, or balance, within the body.

Cannabinoids in Medicinal Cannabis

The cannabis plant contains over 100 different cannabinoids, although the two most well-known are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, and it is responsible for the "high" that is associated with recreational use of the drug. However, THC also has potential therapeutic benefits, including pain relief, nausea reduction, and appetite stimulation.

CBD, on the other hand, is non-psychoactive and has been found to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticonvulsant properties. It may also have potential benefits for anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions. Other cannabinoids that are being studied for their potential therapeutic benefits include cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), and cannabinol (CBN).

Potential Benefits of Medicinal Cannabis

Medicinal cannabis has been found to have potential benefits for a wide range of conditions, including:

Chronic pain: THC and other cannabinoids have been found to have pain-relieving properties, particularly for neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain.

Multiple sclerosis: Sativex, a cannabis-based medication that contains both THC and CBD, has been found to reduce spasticity and improve mobility in people with multiple sclerosis.

Epilepsy: CBD has been found to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures in some people with epilepsy, particularly those with rare and severe forms of the condition.

Nausea and vomiting: THC has been found to reduce nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy and other medical treatments.

Anxiety and depression: CBD has been found to have potential benefits for anxiety and depression, although more research is needed to determine its effectiveness.

Potential Risks and Side Effects of Medicinal Cannabis

While medicinal cannabis has potential benefits, it is also important to consider the potential risks and side effects associated with its use. These can include:

Psychotropic effects: THC can cause feelings of euphoria and altered perception, which may be undesirable for some patients.

Cognitive impairment: THC can also impair cognitive function, which may affect driving and other activities that require concentration.

Addiction: While the risk of addiction to cannabis is lower than that of opioids, it is still possible to develop a dependence on the drug.

Respiratory problems: Smoking cannabis can cause respiratory problems such as coughing, wheezing, and lung infections.

Interaction with other medications: Cannabis can interact with other medications, including opioids and benzodiazepines, which can increase the risk of adverse effects.

Challenges of Conducting Research on Medicinal Cannabis

One of the biggest challenges in studying medicinal cannabis is the legal and regulatory landscape. Cannabis is still illegal at the federal level in many countries, which can make it difficult for researchers to obtain funding and access to the drug for clinical trials. In addition, the variability in the composition and potency of cannabis products can make it challenging to conduct rigorous, controlled studies that produce meaningful results.

Another challenge is the lack of standardization in dosing and administration of cannabis products. Different strains of cannabis contain varying levels of cannabinoids and terpenes, and the same strain can have different effects in different people. This variability makes it difficult to establish standard dosing guidelines and to compare the results of different studies.

Conclusion

The science of medicinal cannabis is still emerging, but there is growing evidence for its potential benefits in treating a wide range of conditions. The cannabinoids and other compounds found in cannabis interact with the body's endocannabinoid system to produce a range of effects, including pain relief, anti-inflammatory properties, and mood stabilization. However, it is also important to consider the potential risks and side effects associated with cannabis use, as well as the challenges of conducting research in this field. As with any medical treatment, it is important to work with a qualified healthcare provider to determine if medicinal cannabis is a safe and effective option for your specific condition.

References:

Devinsky O, Cilio MR, Cross H, et al. Cannabidiol: pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Epilepsia. 2014;55(6):791-802.

Hill KP. Medical marijuana for treatment of chronic pain and other medical and psychiatric problems: a clinical review. JAMA. 2015 Jun 23;313(24):2474-83.

Pisanti S, Malfitano AM, Ciaglia E, et al. Cannabidiol: state of the art and new challenges for therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Ther. 2017;175:133-150.

Russo EB. Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4(1):245-259.

Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for medical use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015;313(24):2456-2473.

Medical Disclaimer

Nadarra Health Pty Ltd, a medicinal cannabis company, is committed to providing high-quality medicinal cannabis products to patients in need. However, it is important to note that the use of medicinal cannabis should be done under the guidance of a qualified medical professional.

Our medicinal cannabis products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease or medical condition. They are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The information provided on our website and through our customer support team is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice.

It is important to discuss the use of medicinal cannabis with a qualified medical professional before starting treatment. Medicinal cannabis can interact with other medications, and its use may not be appropriate for everyone. Patients should also be aware of the potential risks and side effects associated with the use of medicinal cannabis.

Nadarra Health is committed to providing accurate and up-to-date information about medicinal cannabis and its use. However, we cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions in the information provided. Patients should always consult with their healthcare provider before using any medicinal cannabis products.

By using our medicinal cannabis products, patients acknowledge that they have read, understood and agreed to the terms of this medical disclaimer.